Cyber Cafe And Computer Business Center

INTRODUCTION

Today, the computer and IT have changed the complete global scenario. Computers are widely used in every sphere of life and have wide ranging commercial use coupled with internet such as e-mail, browsing, web browsing, ecommerce, e-governance etc. An internet cafe or cyber cafe is a place which provides internet access to the public, usually for a fee. This project profile is proposed for information technology related services such as Internet & Desk Top Publishing (DTP), Scanning Work, Printing work, etc. You will be wondering how will you manage to set up your own business without any experience and sufficient money. Once you decide to set up your own Computer Business Centre (CBC), it is not difficult to do so. Guidance and help is available at different sources.

1 OBJECTIVES After going through this lesson, you would be able to l identify major inputs to a business unit l identify various components of capital required for a CBC l estimate the profits of a CBC l learn various sources of help and finance for setting up a CBC l adopt good business practices required for an entrepreneur

2. MARKET POTENTIAL The IT services sector, being the fastest growing has tremendous potential for growth. India is one of the leading nations in e-commerce and other IT enabled services. The younger generation is very much inclined towards computer and IT. These factors have created a need for Cyber cafes servicing center with IT enabled services. The Plant and machinery for the project is available in local market.

3. INPUTS TO A BUSINESS The important inputs to a business are :-

·          Place: for a CBC unit involves generally a room of the minimum size of 20 sq. metre. The space should be sufficient for installing computer and accessories, office space and space for visitors. The space may be your own or rented. For a CBC unit, it is better if the place is near to a commercial complex or government offices. The office space must have electricity and telephone connection.

·         Capital : Once you decide on the place of your business, you require money. Money invested in the business is called Capital. Two types of capital are required: Capital is fixed when it involves procuring land, building, equipment, machinery, vehicles, furniture and fixtures, etc. Working capital is required for meeting day to day expenses of an enterprise. These include purchase of raw material, stationery, payment of bills like water, electricity, telephone, wages of staff/labourer and traveling/conveyance charges.

·         Finance: Fixed capital generally remains constant over a longer period and is required only in the beginning stage. On the other hand, working capital is required frequently. It is implied that after sometime money starts coming out of the business and thus working capital is met out of the turnover For a basic CBC the fixed capital involves the following equipement and furniture. 

     Item Quantity

Computer (with VDU, CD drive, UPS and Keyboard)                   - 4

 Scanner (optional)                                                                  - 1

Laser Printer (optional)                                                            - 1

Inkjet Printer / DM - Printer                                                      - 1

CD Writer                                                                                - 1

Computer Table                                                                       - 1

Computer Chair                                                                       - 1

Office Table                                                                             - 1

Chairs for staff and visitors                                                       - 4

Internet Centre 1 Presently this minimum requirement may be met within about One lakh rupees.

Working Capital : is required for purchase of raw material (like paper, cartridges, floppies, CDs, etc.), for making payments to staff, electricity and telephone bills, conveyance and travel, etc. In DTP business the returns are quick and generally turnover starts within a month. It is estimated that the working capital of Rs. 12,500 is sufficient for a month. In the table below, we have given a model for working out the fixed capital, working capital and expected profit. Please note that the estimate below is only an illustration. Keeping in view your specific requirement, you have to make your own budget.

ACTIVITIES FOR COMPUTER BUSINESS CENTRE

The main activities which a computer Business center may carry on are

 Word Processing: You may do Word Processing jobs like preparing personal/ business letters of individuals, small traders and business firms. Bio-data/resume for the purpose of jobs and marriages may also be prepared. Some documents like Income Tax Return, Application for PAN, Passport Forms, Application form for enrolling as voter may be stored as a Template and used frequently for your customers. You may also contact the Free-lance writers, Journalists and Researchers and prepare their articles and reports. Similarly Projects and Dissertations of the students may be documented.

Data Processing: Individuals and small business firms generally do not have their own computer facilities for storing their data. You may contact them and maintain this data for them. Data may relate to:-

·   Personal Address Books

·    List of Suppliers

·    List of Vendors

·    Inventory

·    Record of Investments

·    Record of Taxes like Sales Tax, Excise and Custom Duty

Accounting:

If you have an aptitude for the accounting work, you may like to maintain the accounts of individuals professionals like Doctors, Lawyers, Freelance Writers, Artists etc and small business firms. For this you need, is some basic knowledge of Accounting and a Software package. These days many accounting software package are available in the market. The commonly used ones are MUNIM and TALLY

Diversified Activities: At a CBC, the following activities may also be undertaken

Fax facilities Fax facilities may be made available to you customers by installing a separate fax machine or through a fax-card installed in the computer. A fax machine may cost you about Rs 10,000-20,000 depending on the model you choose. Fax machine with a Plain-Paper mode is better than a Thermal-paper one. The fax card costs only a few hundred rupees and may be used in conjunction with your existing computer, scanner and printer.

Internet Cafe You may provide internet surfing service to your customers. This service requires installing a few move computers and proportionate space for making cubicles/ cabins. Internet customer may use this service for downloading information, email, internet telephony and retrieving small queries like getting examination results or for finding the status of the train reservation. Many more diversifications like Call Centre Operation, Medical Transcription, Computerised Design Centre, On-line Trading Centre (For shares and Securities etc.) may be thought of by your own imagination and growing experience. Always keep yourself up-dated with the new technological advances. News papers, Professional Journals, Internet, Professional Conferences/Associations are a good source of knowledge. Make the best use of them.

GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICES

Other than the financial aspects of a business, an entrepreneur should also take care of good business practices. These practices not only pay in the long run but also create harmony and cordial environment in the society.

These practices are:

(1)    Be polite to the customers. Always greet and receive them properly. Remember that Service with a Smile does not cost but brings reputation and goodwill to your business.

(2)    Be punctual and adhere to the Delivery Schedule. If the job of a customer is not ready by scheduled time, inform her/him in advance and apologise.

(3)    Be honest in dealings. Charge reasonably and honestly from the customers. Make prompt payments to your suppliers.

(4)    Pay your dues and taxes in time. It is our earnest duty to pay the taxes honestly. Taxes are the revenue for the government. This money is used for the welfare of the society.

(5)    Pay reasonably to your staff. Payment to them should commensurate with their qualification, experience and the output they produce. Besides you have to comply by the Minimum Wages Act in this regard.

(6)    Try to explore new business opportunities. Diversify your business. Please note that scope and opportunities in any business are indefinite and so with the CBC, only sky is the limit. Wish you a happy business.

Pavor block(cement brick) industry

Cement pavers

INTRODUCTION
Cement Concrete tiles and paving blocks are pre-cast solid products made out of cement concrete. The product is made in various sizes and shapes viz. rectangular, square and round blocks of different dimensions with designs for interlocking of adjacent tiles blocks. The raw materials required for manufacture of the product are Portland cement and aggregates which are available locally in every part of the country.

 MARKET POTENTIAL
Cement concrete tiles and paving blocks find applications in pavements, footpaths, gardens, passenger waiting sheds, bus-stops, industry and other public places. The product is commonly used in urban areas for the above applications. Hence, the unit may be set up in urban and semi-urban areas, near the market. A lot of face-lift is being given to roads, footpaths along the roadside. Concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths for easy laying, better look and finish. Whereas the tiles find extensive use outside the large building and houses, lots of these materials are also used in flooring in the open areas of public offices and commercial buildings and residential apartments.

BASIS AND PRESUMPTIONS
Efficiency: It is envisaged that the unit will run on one shift a day for 25 days in a month or 300 days in a year. 75 percent efficiency of machinery and manpower is considered.Time Period: Full capacity utilization is expected to be achieved within 12 months of commencement of commercial production. Labour Wages: Minimum applicable wages are considered. Interest Rate: An interest rate of 14% per annum on the total capital investment has been considered. Margin Money: Promoter is expected to bring in 25% of the total capital investment. Pay Back Period: The project will have a payback period of about 3-4 years. Land and Construction Cost: Land cost is considered at Rs. 500 per square meter, and Construction cost for office and stores at Rs. 2000 per square meter, and work shed at Rs. 1500 per square meter.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Process of Manufacture Cement concrete is a mixture of portland cement, aggregates (sand and stone chips) and water. Aggregates passing through 4.7 mm IS sieve are known as fine aggregates and the aggregates retained on this sieve are coarse aggregates.
The process of manufacture of cement concrete paving blocks involves the following steps: 
     a) Proportioning
     b) Mixing
     c) Compacting
     d) Curing
     e) Drying
 A concrete mix of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: stone chips) by volume may be used for cement concrete paving blocks with water to cement ratio of 0.62. The concrete mix should not be richer than 1:6 by volume of cement to combined aggregates before mixing. Fineness modules of combined aggregates should be in the range of 3.6 to 4.0. All the raw materials are placed in a concrete mixer and the mixer is rotated for 15 minutes. The prepared mix is discharged from the mixer and consumed in the next 30 minutes. Vibrating table may be used for compacting the concrete mix in the moulds of desired sizes and shapes.

Diffrent shapes and sizes of moulds are available in market

.

Filling the mould

 Demodulled the block

 After compacting the blocks are demoulded and kept for 24 hours in a shelter away from direct sun and winds. The blocks thus hardened are cured with water to permit completemoisturisation for 14 to 21 days. Water in the curing tanks is changed every 3 to 4 days. After curing, the blocks are dried in natural atmosphere and sent for use. The concrete paving blocks gain good strength during the first 3 days of curing and maximum gains in strengths are secured in the first 10 to 15 days of curing. After curing, blocks are allowed to dry in shade so that the initial shrinkage of the blocks is completed before they are used in the work. A drying period of 7 to 15 days would normally complete the drying shrinkage after which they can be used. The concrete tiles are similarly produced with the help of semi-dry pressing of the mixture and allowed to set for 24-36 hours. It is cured in the tanks for 15 days. If need be water can also be sprinkled to gain maximum physical strength in 15-21 days.

Quality Control and Standards
 a) Indian Standard Specification There is no Indian Standard Specification specifically on cement concrete paving blocks. However, the specifications laid down in IS 2185 (Part 1) Specification for concrete masonry units: Part 1 for Hollow and Solid concrete blocks, may be used as general guidelines for meeting the quality parameters, since the paving blocks are also essentially solid cement concrete blocks.
b) Quality Requirements Proportioning of raw materials, mixing, compacting, curing and drying are the important stages of manufacture. Quality parameters like actual proportion of the individual raw materials, ratio of coarse aggregates to fine aggregates, water to cement ratio, good finish, accuracy in size and shape and compression strength after curing are the some of the important parameters that should be checked periodically to ensure good quality of the product.
Production Capacity (per annum) Quantity: 800 tonnes Value: Rs. 22, 00, 000 Motive Power 10HP.
Pollution Control Dust collecting unit is required to be installed at the mixing and raw material handling section. The workers may use dust masks. Energy Conservation General maintenance of the machine and drive system can be employed for saving energy.

Organic vegetable farming

An organic vegetable garden is a natural and healthy way to grow vegetables for your personal consumption. Deciding to go organic will result in vegetables that have not been treated with chemicals or herbicides. Organic gardening may have a few more challenges than regular gardening, but these can be overcome with research and hard work. Organic vegetable gardening is becoming more popular with each passing year, as home gardeners strive to grow gardens that are bountiful, healthy, and ecologically friendly. Starting an organic vegetable garden is fairly straightforward; here's what you need to know to get started.

Choosing the Right Site

Starting your organic vegetable garden in the right place will make a huge difference right from the start. There are a few things you want to keep in mind:

·         Sun: You want a site that offers as much direct sunlight as possible -- at least 6 hours, and preferably 8, during your main growing season. If you don't have a space available that offers that much sun, don't despair -- there are crops you can grow without full sun.

·         Terrain: Does the land slope? You'll want to orient your garden bed to take full advantage of the sun exposure. Is there a depression where water collects? You'll want to think about filling this in with good soil so it doesn't stay soggy -- a site like that will take much longer to dry out in spring, and could result in rotted plant roots during the growing season.

·         Wind: Is the site at the mercy of high winds? If you live in a windy area, consider trying to position your garden in a place that has a hedge, wall, or other structure nearby to reduce the effect of high winds. If you don't already have some type of windbreak in place, consider erecting strong trellises nearby to serve this purpose.

·         Access to water, tools, compost. You don't want to have to drag tools from the other end of your yard, and toting a watering can around isn't much fun, either. Make it easy on yourself, and try to situate your vegetable garden bed in a convenient place.

Soil Considerations

How is the soil in your potential veggie garden area? Is it rocky and full of tree roots? You may want to consider building a raised bed vegetable garden or lasagna garden. If not, then you could go ahead and double-dig the existing soil and try to grow there. Either way, it's important to assess your existing soil to see what you need to do to make it perfect for growing organic vegetables.

·         Get Your Soil Tested: You can send samples of your soil to your local cooperative extension service for testing. Some garden centers and nurseries also offer soil testing services. This will let you know which nutrients are deficient in your soil and what type of soil you have, as well as provide suggestions for how to improve your soil.

·         Do a Quick D.I.Y. Soil Test: By doing a few simple tests yourself, you can learn a lot about your soil. Learn about what type of soil you have, how healthy it is, how well it drains, and test its Ph -- all very useful information!

Follow the instructions you get back with your soil test in regards to any nutrient deficiencies or Ph level issues. If you find that you have clay soil, there are some straightforward ways to improve it. Sandy soils benefit from the addition of plenty of organic matter, specifically, lots of compost.

Plants and Seeds

You'll want to start with organically-grown plants and seeds. Conventionally-grown plants are often already loaded with pesticides and chemical fertilizers -- exactly the types of things you're trying to avoid in your vegetable garden. Organically-produced seeds are harvested from organically-grown plants, never treated with chemical pesticides or fungicides, and never genetically modified. There are several good mail order companies that provide organic vegetable garden seeds. More nurseries, garden centers, and big box stores are also starting to sell a selection of organic seeds -- these are usually very clearly labeled as "organic."

Plant, Grow, and Harvest!

Now that you've got the garden sited and the soil amended, the organic plants and seeds bought -- now it's time to plant and tend your garden. Look up information on the types of vegetables you want to grow to ensure that you're providing them with the right amount of water and nutrients. Consider doing some companion planting for a healthier garden. Pay close attention to your garden so that you catch pest and disease problems right away. The biggest part of growing a healthy garden is simply paying attention. If you do that, you're well on your way to a healthy, bountiful, organic vegetable garden.

Candle making business

                   

Candles are no longer what they used to be. In the good old days, candles were used only as tools for illumination. Today, with the advent of electricity, candles are not considered as essentials anymore. But despite that, candles are still popular and people still buy candles; especially in countries that still experience power failure or places with absence of electricity.

Are you a stay-at-home mom, nursing mother or full time housewife looking for something to keep yourself busy with; while still earning some extra income. Are you interested in starting a candle making business from home? If your answer to the above question is yes, then this article is for you.

Candle making is one of the home based businesses you can start with little or no capital investment. Yet, the returns and profits can be overwhelming especially when you are doing business in a market like Nigeria. Now I know some of you reading this article doubt the potentials of starting a candle making business from home. Why should you start a candle making business? Well, you will find your answers below:

Uses of Candle and Why You Should Start a Candle Making Business

·         Candles serves as a source of light during power failure

It is a known fact that some developing countries like Nigeria have been having power supply challenges.This constant power failure serves as an advantage especially to a candle producer because nobody wants to be in darkness.

People also buy candles for emergency purposes, especially in times of disasters that disrupt power supply such as hurricanes, or just a mechanical problem down at the power plant. Another reason why candle making is a lucrative business is because of its affordability, especially when compared to fuels such as domestic gas and kerosene.

·         Candle is used for religious and ceremonial purposes

In countries like Nigeria, China, Italy, India, and many other countries of the world, candles serve for religious purposes (shrines and temples) and ceremonies such as birthdays, burial procession, etc. Also, the sale of candles thrive during festive seasons like Easter, valentine, Halloween, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas etc.

·         Candle is for beautification or decorative purposes

People also use candles for decorative purposes in places like restaurants, halls, places of worship, etc. Most candles today come in many colors and designs. Others come in an array of scents. Extremely popular nowadays are aromatherapy candles, where a whiff of their scent will have an effect on someone’s mood.

·         Candle making is not capital or labour intensive

Yes, candle making as a business is neither capital intensive, nor labor intensive. You can start this business right from home and grow from there. You can also have your customers come buy from you at home or you may choose to take the wares to them. Either way you choose, it won’t cost your neck.

I believe that the few reasons stated above is enough to convince you of the profit potential of running a candle making business. So now that the doubt is cleared and your pessimism crushed, you can read on to discover the step by step approach to setting up your own candle making business from home.

Starting a Candle Making Business from Home – Sample Business Plan Template

1.  Decide on the type of candle you would be making

To start a candle making business from home, first decide what type of candle you intend to make and sell. As mentioned above, you can make candles for emergency, decorative or therapy purposes. There are also other kinds of candles such as jar candles, tarts, candles that use soy wax or paraffin. The choice is entirely up to you.

2. Do your fesiable studies

A lot of research needs be carried out with respect to your home based candle business niche idea. You need to determine if there is an existing market that you can reach out to. If yes, then you need to ascertain the level of competition and the exact type of candle your potential customers would need.

3. Learn as much as you can about the process of making candles

Yes. Since you will be starting this business on a small scale, you need to make sure you are on the right track and you know what you are doing. Knowledge is very important because it can be a huge determinant between your cost of production and your profits. The first place to start your research is on the internet because there are many candle making forums where seasoned candle makers are willing to assist you.

All you have to do is to gather as much information as you can, but ensure that the information gathered is aligned with your aims and objectives. If your aim and objective is to make soy candles and tarts, do not explore paraffin alternatives. Experiment with different candle making techniques and perfect the technique you think work best. You will be able to earn more if you master your craft. Practice makes perfect.

4.   Set up your work area

Clear a space in your home, whether in your garage or even your own craft room, where you can create your candles. Candle making is a messy craft and your space must be easy to clean and handle.

5.  Write a simple one page business plan for your candle production business.

6.   Register your business

You will need to legitimize your business. Everyone knows that before you can start your candle making business from home, you need to get the appropriate permits and licenses from both your state and local government. You don’t want the government closing you down for illegal business operations.

Before you start your candle making business from home, speak to an attorney or an accountant. Get advice on tax structures and insurance. You will need it for future purposes.

7.  Simplify your marketing plan

There is nothing wrong with ambition. Ambition will drive you to business success but being overly ambitious will be detrimental to your business. Start small. You have just begun your candle making business from home. Don’t attempt to go global when you are only capable of producing a small amount of candles. It will only lead to frustration and eventually, you will give up.

8.   Build an online presence

Going online to sell your products is the most ideal way to get a lot of buyers. Use social media to your advantage. Since you started your candle making business from home, you may not have a presence in your community because you don’t have a shop. But that shouldn’t stop you from succeeding. Make some noise in the internet and before you know it, people will be buying your candles left and right.

9.  Create your brand

The first step in branding your candle making business is to make a name for yourself. What would you like your business or your candles to be called? Think up creative business names for your business. After that, you should design your logo and print out business cards.

10.  Learn other business skills like accounting, financing, marketing and sales. Your candle making skills won’t go very far if you don’t know how to budget your finances and sell your products. As the producer of these candles, you are the one who know exactly what your candles are and what they can do.

11.  Find reliable vendors of candle and craft supplies

To start your candle making business from home, you need to establish relationships with your local suppliers. Not only will they be able to give you good deals and good payment options for the supplies you buy from them, you will also be able to promote your candles in their shops.

List of Candle Making Equipment and Kit

·         Rubber plugs

·         Stainless steel scoop

·         Thermometer

·         Votive candle wick pin

·         Automated candle making machine

·         Gel filling system

·         Wax dispensing machine

·         Gravity candle pouring system

·         Wax transfer system

·         Round glass tumblers

·         Gum leaf aromatherapy essential oils

·         Candle fragrance oil

·         Dye/color for candle

·         Palm wax patterned effect

·         Soy container wax

·         Soy pillar wax

·         ‘Mini’ refill kit for rainbow candles

Fish farming

INTRODUCTION

Fish is the one of the favorite item in food menu. So market demand is always high for fish items. If we consider the global demand also the total requirement becomes very high. The main source of fish is from the sea. But the global fish harvest from the sea is decreasing rapidly.

The only way we can ensure avaibility of fish to meet increasing demand is through fish faring. Inland freshwater fish farming plays major  role. With the good demand of the fish we can convert this opportunity to a successful small scale farm.

STARTING FISH FARMING

For setting up profitable fish farming business, you have to go through some provedure . here we I sescribe various steps of fish farming in india.

PREPARE A FISH POND

The most important infrastructure of fish farming business is a pond. We can’t do commercial fish farming business without a pond. You can use your existing pond or construct a new one for fish farming in india. We can raise fish in both seasonal and permanent pond.in case of fish farming in seasonal pond where water will not exist for whole year, we have to raise some fast growing and quick maturing fish breads. Before shoking minnow in the pond prepare it properly. Clean the bottom of the pond perfectly and then fertilized it . optimize the ph value of the pond water and soil. High quality pond environment ensure high production and profit.

SELECTION OF FISH BREEDS

Selection of fish breeds plays major role in the sustainability of our business. The decision should be based on market demand, maintenance point view, availability of resource, effective utilization of resources etc. carp item such as Rohu, katla, grass carp, common carp etc are suitable for indian pond. You can get quality of fish seeds from nearest fish farmer or from fisheries department.

FISH FEEDING AND MAINTANANCE

Special care must be taken while growing fishes. The water ph value must be 7 to 8 for optimum growth. Chances of virus attacks must be avoided. The pond should be protected from predator. Daily scouting should be done and suspected fishes should be isolated from pond to avoid spreading of diseases all over the pond . diseases can be treated by treating water using salt, potassium permanganate solution, chemicals etc. it is better to prevent diseases than curing

MARKETING

Local market is the easily avaible market for majority of farmers. But the profit will be less compared to exporting. Fish meat can be processed to produce value added product and can be exported to foreign market. Formation of the farmer association can help for this marketing. The advantage of the local market is that the selling of fish is not a problem here  and farmers can get a decent income. So strength of both market ensure the success of the farming fish farming is becoming one of the main farm field which reduce the unemployment issue in village areas. So opportunity always exists here for those who love fish farming 

Packaged drinking water/mineral water

INTRODUCTION
It is needless to mention that water, a compound of Hydrogen and Oxygen is a precious natural gift which is very essential for survival of mankind including animals. The water used for potable purposes should be free from undesirable impurities. The water available from untreated sources such
as Well, Boreholes and Spring is generally not hygienic and safe for drinking. Thus it is desirable and necessary to purify the water and supply under hygienic conditions for human drinking purpose.
As the name implies, the mineral water is the purified water fortified with requisite amounts of minerals such as Barium, Iron, Manganese, etc. which can be absorbed by human body. It is either obtained from natural resources like spring and drilled wells or it is fortified artificially by blending and treating with mineral salts. The mineral water shall be manufactured and packed under hygienic
conditions in properly washed and cleaned bottles in sterilised conditions.

MARKET POTENTIAL
Unfortunately sufficient safe potable water is not available everywhere in the country, either harmful chemical substances are found in the layers of earth which enter into water or it may be contaminated due to pathogenic micro-organisms. If such water is consumed, the body suffers from water born diseases. Due to this, it has become imperative to process and bottle safe potable water for the mankind in prevailing conditions. The demand for purified water becomes more during summer season. Although few companies have already entered in the bottling of safe potable water and mineralised water, but still huge gap is there in between demand and supply at all metropolitan-cities and towns. The product is widely accepted in offices, restaurants, railway stations, airport, bus stands, hospitals and to some extent even in rich house-holds. So there is good scope for establishing
the units for processing and bottling plain and mineralised drinking water in different parts of the country.

BASIS AND PRESUMPTIONS
This project has been drawn on the basis of following presumptions.
1 Working hours : 8 per shift
2 Number of : 3 shift/day
3 Number of : 300 Working days per annum
4 Total number of : 72 working hours
5 Working : 75% efficiency
6 Total period for : Third year achieving from maximum the date of capacity commencement
utilisation of production.
7 Margin money : 25% of Capital Investment
8 Rate of Interest : 15% per annum of Capital
9 Construction Cost of Building, Cost of Land, Labour Charges and Cost of Plant, Machinery and equipment have been considered as per prevailing rates in the market.
10 Cost of Installation and Electrification of Machinery and Equipment has been taken at the rate of 10% of the cost of Plant and Machinery.
11 Operative period of the project has been considered as 7 years.

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
It is expected that total time of about 9 months will be taken from the date of approval of the scheme for complete implementation. Break-up of the activities and relative time for each of
them is shown below:
Nature of Time Period
Activity (in months)
1. Preparation of Project 0-1 month and its approval
2. SSI Provisional 1-3 months Registration
3. Sanction of Loan 2-5 months
4. Clearance from 2-5 months Pollution Control Board and taking permission from Municipal Health
Authority/BIS etc.
5. Placement Order for 4-6 months machinery of equipment
6. Installation of machin- 6-8 months ery and equipment
7. Power connection 2-6 months arrangement from Electricity Board
8. Appointment of staff 5-8 months etc.
9. Trial run 8-9 months
10.Commencement of 9 months Production and perma- onwards nent registration/marketing

TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Processing and Bottling Raw water to be processed is collected in tanks. A known quantity is pumped into the above tank where the water is dozed with alum for coagulation with heavy metals or insoluable matters. The water after coagulation is allowed to settle for an hour. The impurities may
be removed by Reverse Osmosis techniques also. The supernatant water is taken to the chlorination tank where primary disinfection is brought about by bubbling chlorine gas. The water is then passed through sand filters for trapping of undissolved impurities. The water after sand filteration is passed through Carbon filters for removal of odour, colour and also for dechlorination. It is then passed
through series of micro fillers comprising 5 micron, 1 micron and 0.4 micron filter followed by ultraviolet disinfection system for terminal disinfection. Packing is done in PET bottles of 1 litre capacity through an automatic rinsing, filling, and capping machine fitted with an Ozone generator. The bottles after capping are shrink wrapped (Optional) and packed in corrugated boxes of one dozen each.

Setting up cow dairy farm

Setting up cow dairy farm

Index

1. Cost of Setting up Dairy with 10 Cows

2. Construction of the Cow Sheds

3. Drinking Water Facility

4. Precautions in Selection of Cow

5. Determination of the Price of the Cow

6. Important Precautions in Transporting the

Cows

7. Important Precautions after the Cow Reaches

the Farmer Location

8. Feed

9. Veterinary Care

10. Calves

11. Daily Precautions

12. Lactation Period in a year

13. Ensuring Constant Supply of Milk

1.Cost of Setting up Dairy with 10 Cows

Particulars Rs. In lakhs

• Cost of 10 cows with Transportation : 7Lac.

• Shed with ACC sheet (60 feet length and 15 feet width) : 1.50 Lac.

• Bore well : 0.70 Lac.

• Fodder CuttingMachine : 0.40 Lac.

• Milking Machine (Optional) : 0.60 Lac.

Total cost =10.20 Lac.

• Cost of Land and Provision of electricity

not included as it depends on each location.

Projected Revenue / Income

Particulars Rs. In lakhs

• Sale of Milk : 5.30 Lac

• Feed Cost, Medicines, Labor and other maintenance expenses 60% : 3.16 Lac

Net Profit before interest on investment2.14 Lac

Note:

1) Additional income generated from Calves, Sale of Dung, Sale of Old Cows not included.

2) Family Commitment: One Family Member is to be fully dedicated for the farm

3) All the cows to be observed everyday for possible diseases.

4) Feed: Generally the feed consists of a) Maize b) Paddy straw c) Wheat husk d) Channa husk

2.Construction of the Cow Shed

• For 10 Cows the Shed length should be 60 feet and width 15 feet .Height should be between 10-12 feet.

• ACC sheets should be used for the Roof.

• If the daily temperature increases more than 15° C, the roof should be covered with paddy or maize straw to reduce the temperature. Also water should be sprayed over the straw to reduce the heat.

3.Drinking Water Facility

• The water tank should be cleaned after every 4 or 5 days with bleaching powder.

• Test the drinking water for the Cows provided through bore well.

• Each Cow may require 60-70 liters of water, in summer and in winter about 30-40 liters.

4.Precautions in selection of Cows

• Cows should not be purchased from auctions.

• Cows should be purchased only from the farmer / recognized animal suppliers to know the correct age of the cow, Milk Yield, Type of Breed, Vaccination and Artificial Insemination details.

• Farmers from Andhra Pradesh mostly purchase cows from Karnataka.

• Vaccination and artificial insemination details are available in the veterinary hospitals of Karnataka.

• Mostly Jersey, HF cross breeds are purchased

.

5.Determination of the price of the Cow

• Age of the cow.

• Milk yield

• Type of breed.

For example:

a) If the HF cow has two teeth and in the first calving and the milk yield is 15 liters per day then the price of the cow is between Rs. 60000- 65000.

b) If the HF cow has four teeth and the milk yield is 20 liters then the price of the cow is above Rs. 75000.

6.Important Precautions in Transporting the

Cows

• In one DCM truck 8 Cows can be Transported

• Ensure that cows are not less than 8 in number, because lesser the Cows, they may fall down in the truck.

7.Important Precautions after the cow reaches the Farmers

• Ensure the Insurance Policy is taken. Watch the cow whether it is taking feed normally or is there any difference in its intake of feed

• The Cow should be kept under the supervision of Veterinary Doctor up to 15 days.

8 .Feed

9.Veterinary care

i. To prevent Foot & Mouth disease: Vaccinate first at 2 months age followed by every 9 months.

ii. To prevent Throat infection (Hemorrhagic Septicemia): Vaccinate first at 6 months age followed by every year , one month before onset of monsoon.

iii. To prevent Fever (Thileriasis): Vaccinate first at 4 months age and repeat every year.

iv. De-worming medicine should be given once in two months (60) days.

v. ( Always consult local veterinary doctor basing on the local conditions)

10. Calves

• De-worming medicine to be given after 10-15 Days from the birth of the calf.

• De-worming medicine to be given as per the advice of local veterinary doctor.

• After 6 months of age, the calf should be given the same veterinary care that is being given to the cow. (Always consult local veterinary doctor basing on the local conditions)

11. Daily Precautions

• Cow shed should be kept always clean.

• Cow should be washed one time in a day in winter, and two times in a day in summer.

• Cow should be provided water for drinking two times in a day in winter and three times in a day in summer.

• Ensure the udder of the Cow is cleaned thoroughly before milking.

• Watch the Cow daily whether it is taking feed and drinking water normally or any difference is there.

• Take preventive measures to eradicate mosquitoes.

• The hands of the person milking the cow should be clean & washed before milking.

• Milking of a Cow should be over between 4 to 8 minutes.

• If Milking Machine is used it should be cleaned before and after milking.

• Suitable action has to be taken to remove the ticks from the body of the cow.

• Dung has to be removed and kept far from the shed till it is suitably disposed.

12. Lactation Period in a year

• From the birth of Calf, the cow gives milk up to 210 – 220 days.

• After 90 days from the birth of the calf, the cow has to be inseminated.

• If the pregnancy is conformed, milking should be done up to 210-220 days. After that even if a Cow gives milk, it should not be milked. The reason is after the next calving, the health of the cow may not be good and also the milk yield reduces.

• If the cow doesn’t become pregnant after insemination, then we can take milk as long as it gives.

13. Ensuring constant supply of Milk

• If one wants to keep 12 cows, then he has to purchase 3 cows after every quarter, so that when 3 cows go dry then 3 cows are joining for giving milk. That is almost 9 cows will be giving milk constantly.

NOTE: The prices of any thing may be vary according to location